Operators-:
Operators are used
to operate the variables and constants.
1 1. Arithmetic operators in C language ( +, -, *, /, % ) -:
The five arithmetical operations supported by
the C language are: + addition , - subtraction, * multiplication , / division, % modulo
2. Increase and decrease (++, --) -:
The
increase operator (++) and the decrease operator (--) increase or reduce by one the value stored
in a variable. They are equivalent to +=1 and to -=1, respectively. Thus:
c++;
c+=1;
c=c+1;
are all equivalent in its functionality: the
three of them increase by one the value of c.
Example 1
B=3;
A=++B;
// A contains
4, B contains 4
Example 2
B=3;
A=B++;
// A
contains 3, B contains 4
3. Relational and equality operators ( ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= ) -:
Relation operators are used to compare the variables and
constants. these are -
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
Here there are some examples:
(7 == 5)
// evaluates to false.
(5 >
4) // evaluates to true.
(3 !=
2) // evaluates to true.
(6 >=
6) // evaluates to true.
(5 <
5) // evaluates to false.
Of course, instead of using only numeric
constants, we can use any valid expression, including variables. Suppose that a=2, b=3 and c=6,
(a == 5)
// evaluates to false since a is not equal to 5.
(a*b >=
c) // evaluates to true since (2*3 >= 6) is true.
(b+4 >
a*c) // evaluates to false since (3+4 > 2*6) is false.
((b=2) ==
a) // evaluates to true.
v Important :
The
operator = (one equal sign) is not the same as the operator == (two equal signs), the first one is an assignment operator (assigns the value at its right to the variable at its
left) and the other one (==) is the equality operator that compares whether both
expressions on the two sides of it are equal to each other.
4. Logical operators ( ! , &&, || ) : -
The
logical operators && and || are used when evaluating two expressions to obtain a
single relational result.
&& OPERATOR
A
|
B
|
A && b
|
True
|
true
|
true
|
True
|
false
|
false
|
False
|
true
|
False
|
False
|
false
|
false
|
|| OPERATOR
A
|
B
|
A || b
|
True
|
true
|
true
|
True
|
false
|
true
|
False
|
true
|
True
|
False
|
false
|
false
|
For example:
( (5 == 5) && (3 > 6)
) // evaluates to false ( true
&& false ).
( (5 == 5)
|| (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to true
( true || false ).
5.
Conditional
operator ( ? ) -:
The conditional operator
evaluates an expression returning a value if that expression is true and a
different one if the expression is evaluated as false. Its format is:
condition ?
result1 : result2
If condition is true the expression will return result1, if it is not it will return result2.
a=(7==5) ? 4 : 3 // a = 3, since 7 is not equal to 5.
b=(7==5+2) ? 4 : 3 // b= 4, since 7 is equal to 5+2.
d=(5>3) ? a : b // returns the value of a, since 5 is
greater than 3.
e=(a>b
)? a : b // returns whichever is
greater, a or b.
6.
Comma
operator ( , ) -:
The comma operator (,) is used to separate two or more expressions
that are included where only one expression is expected. When the set of
expressions has to be evaluated for a value, only the rightmost expression is
considered.
For example, the following code:
a = (b=3 ,
b+2) ;
Would first assign the value 3 to b, and then assign b+2 to variable a. So, at the end, variable a would contain the value 5 while variable b would contain value 3.
7.
Explicit
type casting operator- :
Type
casting operators allow you to convert a datum of a given type to another.
There are several ways to do this in C. The simplest one, which has been
inherited from the C language, is to precede the expression to be converted by
the new type enclosed between parentheses (()):
int i;
float f =
3.14;
i = (int)
f;
The previous code converts the float number 3.14 to an integer value (3), the remainder is lost. Here, the
typecasting operator was (int).
8.
sizeof()
-:
This
operator accepts one parameter, which can be either a type or a variable itself
and returns the size in bytes of that type or object:
a = sizeof
(char) ;
Arithmetic Expressions in c language-:
An arithmetic expressions is a combinations
of variables , constant, and operators. Expression are using the assignment
statement of the form is -:
Variable
= Expression;
Expression
table-
Algebraic Expressions
(i)
A
___ + C
B
(ii)
2 x3 +3y +5
|
C
Expressions
(i)
(A / B ) + C
(ii)
(2 * x * x )+ (3 *y )+ 5
|
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