the compound statement or
block. A block is a group of statements which are separated by
semicolons (;) like all C statements, but grouped together in a block enclosed
in braces: { }:
{ statement1; statement2 ; statement3; }
1.1 Conditional
structure ( Selection ) if - :
The
if the keyword is used to execute a statement or block only if a condition is
fulfilled. Its form is:
if (condition)
statement 1 ;
If this condition is true, the statement is executed. If it is false, the statement is ignored (not executed) and the program continues
right after this conditional structure. for example
if (x ==
100)
printf( "x is 100");
If we want more than a single statement to be
executed in case that the condition is true we can specify a block using braces
{ }:
if (x ==
1000)
{
printf(
"x is=");
printf(“%d”,
x);
}
Note: In case of single statement in if… the use of {}
is optional.
1.2 If- Else -:
We can additionally specify what we want to happen if the condition is
not fulfilled by using the keyword else. Its form used in conjunction with if is:
if
(condition)
statement1 ;
else
statement2 ;
For
example:
if (x ==
1000)
printf("x is 1000");
else
printf("x is not 1000");
prints on
the screen x is 1000 if indeed x has a value of 1000, but if it has not -and
only if not- it prints out x is not 1000.
1.3
Else-if - :
The if + else structures can
be concatenated with the intention of verifying a range of values. The
following example shows its use telling if the value currently stored in x is
positive, negative or none of them (i.e. zero):
if (x >
0)
printf( "x is positive");
else if (x
< 0)
printf("x is negative");
else
printf( "x is 0");
Remember that in case we want
more than a single statement to be executed, we must group them in a block by
enclosing them in braces { }.
An
if… or if..else.. may have another if.. Statement in its true block or in false
block. It is known as Nesting of if
(placing an if inside another if).
Syntax :
if
(condition1)
{
if(condition 2)
{
statement 1;
}
else
{
statement 2;
}
}
else
{
if(condition
3)
{
statement 3;
}
else
{
statement 4;
}
}
Computer Coaching in Jalandhar with Dinesh Sir,C,C++,Java Language, Computer Science CBSE,ICSC,State Board.
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